Abstract: Objective To explore the related factors and preventive measures of nosocomial infection in children with hematological diseases. Methods The infection site and risk factors of 429 children with nosocomial infection in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among 8 858 hospitalized children with hematological diseases, 429 cases of hospital infection occurred, and the incidence of hospital infection was 4.84%, and the incidence of nosocomial infection of malignant hematological diseases was significantly higher than that of non-malignant hematological diseases, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Among them, 3 671 cases had invasive operation during hospitalization, 310 cases had hospital infection, accounting for 72.26% of the total number of infections; 429 cases of nosocomial infection were mainly infected by blood flow, accounting for 42.62%; 359 cases (84.07%) had the highest incidence of nosocomial infection when the length of stay was ≥ 30 days; the incidence of hospital infection with laminar flow bed after chemotherapy was 3.45%, and the incidence of hospital infection without laminar flow bed was 8.05%. Children with agranulocytosis after chemotherapy were assigned to laminar flow ward, which could effectively reduce the incidence of hospital infection; the incidence of hospital infection was significantly higher in patients who used antibiotics for 3 days or more than in those who did not use antibiotics or who used antibiotics for less than 24 hours. Conclusion Children with hematological diseases are at high risk of hospital infection. Invasive operation during hospitalization, hospitalization time>30 days, and use of antibiotics >7 days are independent risk factors of hospital infection in children with hematological diseases.

Key words: blood diseases in children, hospital infection, laminar flow bed, invasive operation, risk factors