Abstract: Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients, aiming to provide clinical guidance on anticoagulant therapy for preventing cancer-related thrombosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted involving 193 patients with malignant tumors from Yulin Red Cross Hospital between June 2022 and March 2023. Patients were divided into the rivaroxaban group (n=98) and the LMWH group (n=95). The incidence of thrombosis, bleeding, and mortality within one month and six months post-treatment were compared between the two groups. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of thrombosis, bleeding, or mortality between the two groups at one month and during the six-month follow-up(P>0.05). Conclusion Rivaroxaban demonstrates comparable efficacy and safety to LMWH for thromboprophylaxis in malignant tumors,or can be used as a reasonable alternative to refusal or inability to tolerate subcutaneous injection.

Key words: rivaroxaban, low molecular weight heparin, prevention, cancer-related thrombosis