Abstract: Objective To clarify the structural characteristics and changes of intestinal microbiota in neonatal hemolytic jaundice. Methods Newborns born in Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from October 2022 to March 2023 and diagnosed with neonatal hemolytic jaundice were selected as the case group. Healthy newborns born at the same time in the hospital served as the control group. We extracted the fecal genomic DNA of all newborns and conducted quality testing. After passing the test, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was performed. Subsequently, diversity, abundance, and structural analysis were conducted on the biological information obtained through sequencing. Results α Diversity analysis showed an increase in microbial diversity in the case group, but there was no significant change in abundance. β Diversity analysis showed differences in gut microbiota similarity between the two groups. LEfSe analysis showed changes in the gut microbiota structure of the case group, mainly manifested as an increase in the abundance of Escherichia, Klebsiella, Bacteroides, and Rothia, while a decrease in the abundance of Streptococcus. Conclusion Neonates with hemolytic jaundice have intestinal microbiota disorder, mainly characterized by an increase in the abundance of conditional pathogenic bacteria. The results may provide some theoretical basis for targeted microecological intervention in neonatal hemolytic jaundice.

Key words: neonatal hemolytic disease, jaundice, newborns, intestinal microbiota