Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of clostridium butyricum capsule combined with compound glutamine enteric coated capsule on patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods A total of 120 patients with ulcerative colitis admitted to Dongchangfu People's Hospital of Liaocheng city from January 2019 to December 2021 was selected. The lottery method was divided into two groups. The control group was given Clostridium butyricum capsules, and the observation group was given compound glutamine enteric coated capsules. To compare the efficacy of the two groups, the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-6, intestinal barrier function (D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase, and bacterial endotoxin), and stool, abdominal pain, mucosal diarrhea were scores. Results The effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, hs-CRP and IL-6(P>0.05). After treatment, serum TNF-α, IL-2, hs-CRP and IL-6 decreased significantly(P<0.05), and serum TNF -α, IL-2, hs-CRP and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly lower(P<0.05). Before treatment, the levels of D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase and bacterial endotoxin in the two groups had no significant difference(P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase and bacterial endotoxin in the two groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05), and the levels of D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase and bacterial endotoxin in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the scores of purulent stool, abdominal pain, mucosal lesions and diarrhea symptoms between the two groups(P>0.05). After treatment, the scores of purulent stool, abdominal pain, mucosal lesions and diarrhea symptoms in the two groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05), and the scores of purulent stool, abdominal pain, mucosal lesions and diarrhea in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Clostridium butyricum capsule combined with compound glutamine enteric-coated capsule has significant efficacy in patients with ulcerative colitis,