Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of different surgical approaches on prognosis and quality of life in early stage rectal cancer tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 60 patients with rectal cancer admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College from 2021.1 to 2023.6.All patients underwent elective radical resection of rectal cancer. According to different surgical approaches, they were divided into control group (abdominal approach, n=30) and observation group (anal approach, n=30). The complete (R0) resection rate, intestinal function outcome and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The R0 resection rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (93.33% vs 73.33%) (P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores between the two groups before surgery (P>0.05), and one week after surgery, the GSRS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the Spitzer Quality of Life Index (SQLI) scores between the two groups before surgery (P>0.05), and two years after surgery, the SQLI scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The rectal cancer resection through the anal approach is better than the abdominal approach, and the R0 resection rate is 93.33%. The postoperative intestinal function of the patients recovered well, which can effectively improve the survival rate and quality of life of the patients.intestinal function

Key words: early rectal cancer, tumor, resectability rate, intestinal function