Abstract: Objective To investigate and analysis the short-term and long-term prognostic effects of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation combined with budesonide in the treatment of critically ill children with bronchiolitis. Methods From February 2018 to July 2020, 74 critically ill children with bronchiolitis who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital were selected. Accorded to the 1:1 random number table method, the children were divided into the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation group and the control group with 37 cases in each group. The control group were treated with budesonide, and the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation group were treated with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation based on the treatment of the control group. The two groups received continuous treatment for 7 days. The short-term and long-term prognosis of all children were observed and followed up. Results After treatment, the short-term total effective rates of the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation group were 97.30%, which were significantly higher than 83.78% of the control group(P<0.05). The incidence rates of adverse reactions such as pneumothorax, infection, nausea and vomiting, and venous thrombosis in the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation group during treatment were 5.41%, which were significantly lower than that in the control group 27.03%(P<0.05). The tidal volume, inhalation to exhalation ratio after treatment in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation group were also significantly higher than the control group after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the PedsQLTM quality of life scores in both the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation group and the control group were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation group after treatment were also significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). During the 2-year followed-up after treatment, the recurrence rate in the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation group were 2.70%, which were significantly lower than 18.92% in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion High-frequency oscillatory ventilation combined with budesonide in the treatment of critically ill children with bronchiolitis can improve the short-term treatment effect, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions, improve the children's pulmonary function and quality of life, and reduce the long-term recurrence rate.

Key words: high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, budesonide, bronchiolitis, adverse reactions, pulmonary function, quality of life, recurrence rate