Abstract: Objective To investigate and analyse the causes of central nervous system infection in premature infants and put forward relevant intervention measures. Methods 92 cases of premature infants hospitalized in Beijing Fangshan District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from June 2019 to May 2022 were selected as the study subjects. All the cases were examined to determine the infection of the central nervous system, and the general data of all premature infants were investigated. Multifactor analysis of the etiology was conducted. All premature infants with central nervous system infection were given symptomatic treatment intervention, and were to investigate the prognosis of the children. Results The central nervous system infection occurred in 12 cases of 92 premature infants (infection group), accounting for 13.0%. The infectious pathogens were Listeria monocytogenes in 1 case, Streptococcus lactis in 2 cases, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 7 cases, Escherichia coli in 1 case, and Staphylococcus aureus in 1 case. There were no significant differences in sex, gestational age and weight compared between the infected group and the non-infected group(P>0.05). There were significant difference compared between the infected group and the non-infected group(P<0.05) in the 5-minute Apgar score, hospitalization stay of premature infants, asphyxia of premature infants, infection during maternal pregnancy, and nasal oxygen inhalation of premature infants. Spearman analysis showed that the 5 min Apgar score, hospitalization time of premature infants, asphyxia of premature infants, infection during maternal pregnancy, nasal oxygen inhalation of premature infants were correlated with central nervous system infection(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that 5 min Apgar score, hospitalization time of premature infants, asphyxia of premature infants and maternal infection during pregnancy were all important factors leaded to central nervous system infection of premature infants(P<0.05). After 3 months of symptomatic treatment, 12 children's Gesell scale exercise, language, personal-social ability, fine movement and adaptive behavior were significantly higher than before treatment, and the intellectual development index and motor development index were also significantly improved compared with before treatment(P<0.05). Conclusion The central nervous system infection of premature infants is relatively common in clinical practice. Klebsiella pneumoniae as pathogen, 5 min Apgar score, hospitalization stay of premature infants, asphyxia of premature infants, and maternal infection during pregnancy are all important factors leading to the central nervous system infection of premature infants. Strengthening early treatment can significantly improve the comprehensive development of children.

Key words: premature infants, central nervous system infection, klebsiella pneumoniae, pathogeny, gesell scale score, apgar score