营养素及能量摄入指导对妊娠糖尿病患者血糖控制及病情预防价值

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探究营养素及能量摄入指导对妊娠糖尿病孕妇血糖控制及病情预防的临床价值。方法选择2020年3月—2022年4月于青海省大通县第二人民医院被确诊为妊娠糖尿病的80例孕妇为研究对象,将2020年3月—2021年2月未实施营养指导的40例孕妇设为对照组,将2021年3月—2022年4月实施营养指导的40例孕妇设为研究组,对比两组孕妇干预前后身体质量指数（BMI）、体质量增长量及空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、分娩前糖化血红蛋白水平差异,对比两组孕妇血糖控制合格率、尿酮体阳性率、妊娠结局及并发症发生情况差异。结果干预前两组孕妇BMI比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预后研究组BMI低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;同时研究组体质量增长量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。干预前两组孕妇的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预后两组孕妇的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均降低,且研究组孕妇空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组孕妇血糖控制合格率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组尿酮体阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。研究组巨大儿发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,两组早产、剖宫产、湿肺及肺炎等的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。研究组孕妇产后出血、产程停滞、胎儿窘迫等并发症总发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论对妊娠糖尿病产妇开展营养素及能量摄入指导有助于控制孕妇体质量,提高孕妇血糖控制合格率,同时一定程度上还可以降低孕妇围产期并发症发生率,具有一定的应用运用价值。

关键词: 营养素, 能量摄入, 妊娠期糖尿病, 体质量, 血糖合格率, 围产期并发症

Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical value of nutrition and energy intake guidance on blood sugar control and disease prevention in patients with Gestational diabetes. Methods 80 pregnant women who were diagnosed with Gestational diabetes in the Second People's Hospital of Datong County, Qinghai Province from March 2020 to April 2022 were selected as the study subjects, 40 pregnant women who did not receive nutritional guidance from March 2020 to February 2021 were set as the control group, and 40 pregnant women who received nutritional guidance from March 2021 to April 2022 were set as the study group. The differences in BMI index, weight gain, Glucose test Fasting blood sugar The difference of blood glucose level 2 h after meal and Glycated hemoglobin level before delivery, the difference of qualified rate of blood glucose control and positive rate of urinary ketone body between the two groups of pregnant women, the difference of pregnancy outcome between the two groups of pregnant women, and the difference of complications between the two groups of pregnant women. Results There was no statistically significant difference in BMI index between the two groups of pregnant women before intervention (P>0.05). After intervention, the BMI index of the study group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the weight gain of the study group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial glycemic and hemoglobin 1 c levels in the two groups (P>0.05), while fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial glyca 1 c levels in the two groups after intervention (P<0.05), and pregnant women in the study group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). The qualified rate of blood glucose control in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of urinary ketone bodies between the study group and the control group (P>0.05). The incidence of macrosomia in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in other pregnancy outcomes between the groups (P>0.05). The total incidence of complications in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Nutrient and energy intake guidance for pregnant women with Gestational diabetes can help to control the weight of pregnant women, improve the qualification rate of blood sugar control for pregnant women, and to a certain extent, reduce the incidence of perinatal complications of pregnant women, which has a certain value for application.

Key words: nutrients, energy intake, gestational diabetes, body weight, blood sugar qualification rate, perinatal complications

中图分类号:

R714.256

郭玉英. 营养素及能量摄入指导对妊娠糖尿病患者血糖控制及病情预防价值[J]. 中华养生保健, 2024, 42(1): 12-15.

GUO Yu-ying. The Value of Nutrition and Energy Intake Guidance on Blood Glucose Control and Disease Prevention in Patients with Gestational Diabetes[J]. ZHONGHUA YANGSHENG BAOJIAN, 2024, 42(1): 12-15.

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