探讨传染病突发公共卫生事件中预防及消毒控制的应用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探究与分析传染病突发公共卫生事件中预防及消毒控制的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2020年2月—2024年1月山东省日照市400家不同公共场所（所接受调查的公众1 342名）的公共卫生情况有关资料,根据传染病预防、消毒控制方法及时间不同分为对照组与观察组,对照组（2020年2月—2022年4月,所涉及公共场所198家,接受调查的公众687名）采用基础传染病预防以及消毒控制方法,观察组（2022年5月—2024年1月,所涉及公共场所202家,接受调查的公众655名）采用全面传染病预防以及消毒控制方法,比较两组公众所掌握的关于传染病的预防以及消毒控制相关知识、消毒效果评估指标、传染病发生率、传染病暴发响应时间以及传染源追踪成功率。结果观察组的公众所掌握的传染病知识、消毒控制知识、个人防护知识、公共场所消毒控制措施认知、传染病暴发知识掌握评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组的平均消毒时间长于对照组,观察组的平均消毒范围高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组的物体表面微生物未检出率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组的场所内传染病发生率低于对照组,观察组的传染病暴发响应时间长于对照组,观察组的传染源追溯成功率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论全面传染病预防以及消毒控制方法的应用可明显提高公众所掌握的关于传染病的预防以及消毒控制相关知识,获取更好的消毒效果评估指标,同时还可降低传染病发生率,缩短传染病暴发响应时间,提高传染源追踪成功率。

关键词: 传染病, 突发公共卫生事件, 预防, 消毒控制, 暴发响应时间

Abstract: Objective To investigate and analyze the application effectiveness of prevention and disinfection control in infectious disease outbreaks of public health emergencies. Methods The public health data of 400 different public places (1 342 people surveyed) in Rizhao City, Shandong Province from February 2020 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, and were divided into control group and observation group according to different methods of infectious disease prevention,disinfection control and time.The control group (from February 2020 to April 2022, 198 public places involved, 687 surveyed members of the public) adopted basic infectious disease prevention and disinfection control methods, while the observation group (from May 2022 to January 2024, 1 public places involved 202, 655 members of the public surveyed adopted comprehensive infectious disease prevention and disinfection control methods.The knowledge of prevention and disinfection control of infectious diseases,evaluation index of disinfection effect, incidence of infectious diseases, response time of infectious disease outbreak and success rate of tracing infectious source were compared between the two groups of public. Results The scores of knowledge of infectious diseases,disinfection control knowledge, personal protection knowledge,cognition of disinfection control measures in public places, and mastery of infectious disease outbreak knowledge in the observation group were higher than control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The average disinfection time of the observation group was longer than control group, and the average disinfection range of the observation group was higher than control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The undetected rate of surface microorganisms in the observation group was higher than control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The incidence of infectious diseases in the observation group was lower than control group,the response time of infectious disease outbreak in the observation group was longer than control group,and the success rate of tracing infection source in the observation group was higher control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The application of comprehensive infectious disease prevention and disinfection control methods can significantly enhance the public's understanding of infectious disease prevention and disinfection control,obtain better disinfection effectiveness evaluation indicators, as well as reduce the incidence rate of infectious diseases,shorten the response time to infectious disease outbreaks, and increase the success rate of infectious source tracking.

Key words: infectious disease, public health emergency, prevention, disinfection control, outbreak response time

中图分类号:

R193

韩志军, 李会. 探讨传染病突发公共卫生事件中预防及消毒控制的应用[J]. 中华养生保健, 2025, 43(9): 183-186.

HAN Zhi-jun, LI Hui. Exploring the Application of Prevention and Disinfection Control in Public Health Emergencies of Infectious Diseases[J]. ZHONGHUA YANGSHENG BAOJIAN, 2025, 43(9): 183-186.

参考文献

[1] 李欣慧,李明.突发公共卫生事件中患者隐私权保护的完善建议[J].中国医学伦理学,2021,34(1):58-63.
[2] 国家卫生健康委员会.2020年4月7日新闻发布会记录[EB/OL].(2020-04-07)[2023-04-10].http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/yqfkdt/202004/35b23a66a5cd4ee2a643c2719811081e.shtml.
[3] SONG S, LI X, BELL S A, et al.Emergency response: a cross-sectional study of core competencies for nurses regarding major infectious disease outbreaks[J].J Emerg Nurs,2021,47(6):902-913.
[4] 吕军城,周志明,王超,等.重大疫情医疗救治能力制约因素及提升对策[J].中国医院,2021,25(12):12-14.
[5] 张广清,周春兰.突发公共卫生事件护理工作指引[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2020:91-93.
[6] GUILAMO-RAMOS V, THIMM-KAISER M, BENZEKRI A, et al.Nurses at the frontline of public health emergency preparedness and response: lessons learned from the HIV/AIDS pandemic and emerging infectious disease outbreaks[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2021,21(10):e326-e333.
[7] 鲁贝,吕朋朋,伍曦,等.3S理论下公立医院应对重大突发公共卫生事件策略研究[J].中国医院,2023,27(3):19-21.
[8] 李群. 我国新发传染病应对形势和任务[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2020,24(2):125-127,244.
[9] 李宏. 浅谈新形势下基层医疗机构传染病防控工作现状及改进措施[J].中国农村卫生,2021,13(3):74-75.
[10] 徐龙华,褚志平,张力,等.江苏省三级综合医院护士新发传染病应对能力现状及影响因素[J].护理实践与研究,2022,19(2):170-174.
[11] 沙瑞芹,田莹,杨继娟,等.护士突发公共卫生事件应对能力的研究进展[J].护士进修杂志,2021,36(24):2242-2245.
[12] 任美璇,林玫,李曦亮,等.2010-2020 年广西其他感染性腹泻突发公共卫生事件的流行特征与空间聚集性[J].广西医学,2022,44(20):2397-2401.
[13] 张永强,马宁,王薇,等.北京市2012-2021 年突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析[J].现代预防医学,2022,49(18):3431-3435.
[14] 王心怡,吴昊澄,鲁琴宝,等.2012-2021 年浙江省学校突发公共卫生事件及相关信息分析[J].预防医学,2022,34(9):870-875.
[15] 魏荣杰,连睿,谢红梅,等.传染病突发公共卫生事件应急处置中的知情同意探讨[J].预防医学情报杂志,2022,38(12):1597-1599.