409名0~6岁儿童发育问题Gesell评估结果分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析0~6岁儿童发育问题进行Gesell发育量表评估,分析不同月龄、不同性别儿童发育落后分布情况,为早期进行有效干预提供依据。方法对2019年—2023年房山区社区卫生服务中心筛查的409名0~6岁发育问题儿童,采用北京妇幼保健院2009年3月版《0~6岁儿童发育诊断法测评软件》进行计算,观察指标发育商（DQ）,测试内容包括适应性、大运动、精细动作、语言及个人-社交5大能区,对各能区评估结果进行统计分析。结果 3~11月龄、12~23月龄、24~35月龄、36~72月龄不同月龄儿童的适应性、个人-社交发育落后比例均高于正常,3~11月龄精细动作、大运动发育落后高于正常,语言发育落后低于正常,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;12~23月龄、36~72月龄男童精细动作发育落后,24~35月龄、36~72月龄男童个人-社交发育落后高于女童。24~35月龄女童精细动作发育落后高于男童,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;3~11月龄、12~23月龄、24~35月龄、36~72月龄的大运动、精细动作、个人-社交轻度发育落后分布比例高于中度及以上。语言中度及以上发育落后分布比例随着年龄增长呈上升趋势,36~72月龄高于轻度。结论 3~11月龄儿童在适应性、个人-社交、精细动作、大运动方面的发育迟缓比例高于正常,但语言发育迟缓低于正常。随着年龄增长,精细动作和大运动迟缓减少,语言迟缓增加。在性别方面,男童在12~23月龄和36~72月龄的精细动作发育落后,24~35月龄和36~72月龄的个人-社交发育落后于女童。女童在24~35月龄的精细动作发育落后高于男童。发育落后程度：各年龄段轻度发育迟缓多于中度及以上,语言发育迟缓随年龄增长加重,36~72月龄中度及以上比例显著增加。

关键词: 儿童, 发育问题, Gesell评估结果

Abstract: Objective To analyze the developmental problems of 0~6 years old children by Gesell development scale assessment, analyze the distribution of developmental lag in children of different months and genders, and provide evidence for early effective intervention. Methods A total of 409 children with developmental problems aged 0 to 6 years old screened by Fangshan District Community Health Service Center from 2019 to 2023 were calculated using the Software for Evaluation of Developmental Diagnosis for children aged 0 to 6 years old, published in March 2009 by Beijing Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The content of the test included five areas of adaptability, gross motor, fine motor, language and personal-social ability, and the developmental lag of each area was analyzed statistically. Results Children of 3 to 11 months of age, 12 to 23 months of age, 24 to 35 months of age, 36 to 72 months of age had higher rates of adaptive and personal-social developmental lag than normal, fine motor and gross motor lag than normal, and language lag was lower than normal, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The fine motor development of boys aged 12 to 23 months and 36 to 72 months was inferior, and the individual-social development of boys aged 24 to 35 months and 36 to 72 months was higher than that of girls. The fine motor development lag of girls aged 24 to 35 months was higher than that of boys, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The proportion of gross motor, fine motor and personal-social developmental retardation at 3 to 11 months, 12 to 23 months, 24 to 35 months and 36 to 72 months was higher than that of moderate or above. The proportion of moderate and above retarded language development increased with age, and was higher than that of mild language development at 36 to 72 months. Conclusion Children aged 3 to 11 months have higher than normal rates of adaptive, individual-social, fine motor and gross motor retardation, but lower than normal rates of language retardation. With age, fine motor and gross motor delay decrease and speech delay increases. In terms of sex, boys lag behind in fine motor development at 12 to 23 months and 36 to 72 months and girls lag behind in personal-social development at 24 to 35 months and 36 to 72 months. Girls lag behind in fine motor development at 24 to 35 months than boys. The degree of developmental lag: mild developmental delay was more than moderate or above in all age groups, and the language development delay increased with age, and the proportion of moderate or above in 36~72 months increased significantly.

Key words: children, developmental problems, gesell evaluated the results

中图分类号:

R179

隗秋连. 409名0~6岁儿童发育问题Gesell评估结果分析[J]. 中华养生保健, 2025, 43(11): 96-101.

WEI Qiu-lian. Analysis of Gesell Assessment Results in 409 Children Aged 0 ~ 6 Years[J]. ZHONGHUA YANGSHENG BAOJIAN, 2025, 43(11): 96-101.

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